Which conversion formula is correct for calculating RMS voltage?

The formula for calculating the root mean square (RMS) voltage from the peak voltage is essential for understanding AC circuits. The correct conversion involves multiplying the peak voltage by approximately 0.707. This value, also known as 1 divided by the square root of 2, allows you to convert the peak voltage (V_peak) into RMS voltage (V_RMS), which represents the effective value of an AC waveform.

RMS voltage provides a meaningful way to compare AC voltage levels to DC voltage levels since it yields the same power delivery capability. In practical terms, using the correct formula enables electrical engineers and technicians to design and analyze circuits without conflating peak values with effective voltages that can do work, as RMS values are primarily used in power calculations.

Utilizing the other options would lead to inaccuracies: multiplying by 0.5 would grossly underestimate the effective value, while multiplying by 1.414 or 2 would overestimate it significantly. Understanding this relationship is crucial in applications involving alternating current and ensures proper handling of electrical systems.