What type of transformer is primarily used for safety in electrical isolation between circuits?

An isolation transformer is specifically designed to provide electrical isolation between circuits, enhancing safety. This type of transformer accomplishes this by having separate windings for the primary and secondary circuits, which prevents direct electrical connection. As a result, if a fault occurs in one circuit, the electrical fault does not propagate to the other, thus reducing the risk of electric shock and ensuring the safety of both the equipment and personnel.

Isolation transformers are frequently employed in various applications where sensitive electronics are used, such as in medical equipment or audio systems, where eliminating noise and providing safety from surges or transients is crucial.

In contrast, step-down transformers lower voltage from a higher level to a lower level, which is more focused on voltage conversion rather than ensuring isolation. Step-up transformers do the opposite by increasing voltage, also without providing isolation. Current transformers serve a distinct purpose of measuring current flow in a circuit and are not designed for isolation.

Thus, the isolation transformer's unique design and functionality distinguish it as the primary choice for ensuring safe electrical isolation between circuits.