What type of loads do computers and welders represent?

Computers and welders are classified as nonlinear loads due to the way they operate and draw current. Nonlinear loads draw current in a manner that is not directly proportional to the voltage applied, resulting in distorted waveforms. This typically occurs because these devices contain switching power supplies or electronic circuits that change the shape of the current draw, creating harmonics.

For example, computers utilize power supplies that convert AC to DC, causing the input current to have a waveform that is not a pure sine wave. Similarly, welders often operate at varying duty cycles and can draw current in spikes rather than a steady state, contributing to the nonlinear characteristics.

Understanding the nature of these loads is important for electrical design and analysis, as nonlinear loads can affect power quality and efficiency in a system by introducing harmonics that can lead to overheating and other issues in electrical equipment.