What does the horizontal axis on a voltage sine wave represent?

The horizontal axis on a voltage sine wave represents time. In the context of sinusoidal waveforms, the sine wave is typically plotted with voltage on the vertical axis and time along the horizontal axis. This allows for visualization of how the voltage changes over time, showing the periodic nature of the AC signal.

As the sine wave progresses along the horizontal axis, it illustrates the voltage rising and falling in a smooth, continuous manner, completing one full cycle over a specific period. Understanding this representation is crucial in electrical engineering and various applications involving alternating current, as it helps to analyze waveforms, determine frequency, and assess other time-dependent characteristics of electrical signals.