What determines the amount of load a transformer can supply to 120-volt equipment?

The amount of load a transformer can supply to 120-volt equipment is primarily determined by its power rating. The power rating, typically stated in volt-amperes (VA) or kilovolt-amperes (kVA), indicates the maximum amount of electrical power the transformer can safely deliver without overheating or sustaining damage. This rating takes into account the voltage and current levels that the transformer can handle, ensuring that it operates efficiently and reliably under specified conditions.

In practical terms, if a transformer has a power rating of, say, 5 kVA, it should not be loaded beyond this capacity to maintain safe operating conditions. Loading the transformer beyond its rated capacity can lead to excessive heat generation, which may damage the insulation and other components, potentially causing failure or reduced lifespan.

Other factors such as input voltage can influence performance, but they do not directly determine the load capacity. The secondary winding connection relates to how the transformer can be utilized in specific circuits but does not dictate its load-carrying capability. Lastly, the age of the transformer can affect its reliability and efficiency, but it does not inherently define the maximum load it can deliver.

Understanding the power rating helps in selecting the appropriate transformer for specific applications, ensuring that all equipment operates within safe