What characterizes a bolted fault?

A bolted fault is characterized by being a direct connection between conductors, which creates a low-resistance path for electrical current. This type of fault typically occurs close to the power source, where the voltage is high and the fault can lead to significant current flow. Since it provides very little resistance, the fault can draw a large amount of current, potentially causing severe damage to equipment and the electrical system.

The nature of a bolted fault makes it distinct from other types of faults, such as ground faults or arcing faults, which may involve more complex scenarios. While options regarding distance from energy sources or repairability may reflect considerations related to other types of faults or damage, they do not define the essence of what a bolted fault is. The permanence of the fault generally relates to its initial condition but can change when the circuit is interrupted or repaired, emphasizing the key characteristic of being near the power source.