A transformer with a nameplate reading of 130-volt primary - 16-volt secondary, if 110 volts is applied, what output voltage can it supply?

To determine the output voltage of the transformer when it is supplied with 110 volts at the primary side, it's necessary to apply the concept of transformer turns ratio. The nameplate specifications indicate a primary voltage of 130 volts and a secondary voltage of 16 volts.

First, the turns ratio can be calculated as the ratio of the primary voltage to the secondary voltage:

Turns ratio = Primary Voltage / Secondary Voltage

Turns ratio = 130 V / 16 V = 8.125

Now that we have the turns ratio, we can deduce the output voltage when the primary is supplied with a different voltage, in this case, 110 volts. The formula to find the secondary voltage based on an applied primary voltage is as follows:

Output Voltage (secondary) = (Applied Primary Voltage / Primary Voltage) × Secondary Voltage

Output Voltage = (110 V / 130 V) × 16 V

Now, perform the calculations:

Output Voltage = (0.8461) × 16 V

Output Voltage ≈ 13.54 V

The calculated output voltage of approximately 13.54 volts matches with the first option available. This shows that by adjusting the applied primary voltage, the transformer produces a corresponding lower secondary voltage proportional to